Automation is a divisive subject – while automated technology should help make our lives easier and more comfortable, there’s a very real threat it will lead to millions of jobs.
But what jobs are most likely to suffer at the hands of automation? And how safe is your job?
What is automation?
Automation is the use of automatic equipment or machinery in industry, which could be anything from the robotic arms used at car assembly plants, to automated bookkeeping tools.
What studies have been done on automation?
2017 figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) show that around 1.5 million jobs in England are at high risk of some of their duties and tasks being automated in the future. The study has analysed the jobs of 20 million people in England and found that 7.4% are at high risk of automation.
Choose an occupation from the drop down menu below to see how at risk your job is.
Then in 2018, a report from PwC, the UK-based multinational professional services network, estimated that up to 30% of jobs could be lost to automation over the next decade, while the Bank of England has put a figure of 15 million on the expected number of jobs that could be taken over by machines.
And then there’s WillRobotsTakeMyJob.com, a website inspired by a 2013 report from Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne titled “The Future of Employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?”.
This uses a unique methodology to estimate the probability of automation taking over in 702 detailed occupations. In early 2019, the WillRobotsTakeMyJob team started collecting data on what our audience believed the automation risk to be for each occupation. Then in 2021 they used data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) along with their own polling data and the automation risk probabilities to give each occupation a ‘job score’ between 0 and 10.
The most searched jobs on WillRobotsTakeMyJob are:
- Accountants and Auditors
- Lawyers
- Computer Programmers
- Graphic Designers
- Mechanical Engineers
- Veterinarians
- Marketing Managers
To find out how at risk your job is, enter your job title at https://willrobotstakemyjob.com/
Which jobs are most at risk from automation?
The rise of the machines has always been a staple of science fiction, but the rapid advances in robot and artificial intelligence technology are making autonomous cars and personal assistants a reality. This technology has massive implications for all manner of occupations, including taxi drivers, lorry drivers, and warehouse staff.
A 2013 study from researchers at Oxford University found that around 700 current jobs would be automated in the future, 12 of which have a 99% of being carried out by computers. The occupations most at risk are perfect for machine algorithms, as they all use a involve repetitive activities and patterns. They are:
- Data Entry
- Library Technicians
- New Accounts Clerks
- Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators
- Tax Preparers
- Cargo and Freight Agents
- Watch Repairers
- Insurance Underwriters
- Mathematical Technicians
- Sewers, Hand
- Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers
- Telemarketers
Which jobs are least at risk from automation?
The study also found the jobs least at risk from robots, and they all featured either a high level of human interaction, or needed expertise that could only be acquired after intensive or many years of studying. The jobs with a 0.3% risk of automaiton are:
- Recreational Therapists
- First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
- Emergency Management Directors
- Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
- Audiologists
- Occupational Therapists
- Orthotists and Prosthetists
- Healthcare Social Workers
Is your job at risk from automation?
Below is a comprehensive list of jobs identified as being at risk from automation, ordered by those most at risk to those least at risk. Where does your job sit on the list?
| Probability of Automation | Occupation |
|---|---|
| 99% | Data Entry Keyers |
| 99% | Library Technicians |
| 99% | New Accounts Clerks |
| 99% | Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators |
| 99% | Tax Preparers |
| 99% | Cargo and Freight Agents |
| 99% | Watch Repairers |
| 99% | Insurance Underwriters |
| 99% | Mathematical Technicians |
| 99% | Sewers, Hand |
| 99% | Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers |
| 99% | Telemarketers |
| 98% | Models |
| 98% | Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers |
| 98% | Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks |
| 98% | Legal Secretaries |
| 98% | Radio Operators |
| 98% | Driver/Sales Workers |
| 98% | Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators |
| 98% | Parts Salespersons |
| 98% | Credit Analysts |
| 98% | Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 98% | Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks |
| 98% | Procurement Clerks |
| 98% | Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders |
| 98% | Etchers and Engravers |
| 98% | Tellers |
| 98% | Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials |
| 98% | Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage |
| 98% | Loan Officers |
| 98% | Order Clerks |
| 98% | Brokerage Clerks |
| 98% | Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks |
| 98% | Timing Device Assemblers and Adjusters |
| 97% | Bridge and Lock Tenders |
| 97% | Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing |
| 97% | Team Assemblers |
| 97% | Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders |
| 97% | Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers |
| 97% | Farm Labor Contractors |
| 97% | Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Machine Operators and Tenders |
| 97% | Dental Laboratory Technicians |
| 97% | Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
| 97% | Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand |
| 97% | Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation |
| 97% | Log Graders and Scalers |
| 97% | Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians |
| 97% | Cashiers |
| 97% | Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers |
| 97% | Motion Picture Projectionists |
| 97% | Prepress Technicians and Workers |
| 97% | Counter and Rental Clerks |
| 97% | File Clerks |
| 97% | Real Estate Brokers |
| 97% | Telephone Operators |
| 97% | Agricultural and Food Science Technicians |
| 97% | Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks |
| 97% | Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks |
| 97% | Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop |
| 96% | Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance |
| 96% | Receptionists and Information Clerks |
| 96% | Office Clerks, General |
| 96% | Compensation and Benefits Managers |
| 96% | Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service |
| 96% | Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop |
| 96% | Rock Splitters, Quarry |
| 96% | Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive |
| 96% | Surveying and Mapping Technicians |
| 96% | Model Makers, Wood |
| 96% | Textile Winding, Twisting, and Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
| 96% | Locomotive Engineers |
| 96% | Gaming Dealers |
| 96% | Fabric Menders, Except Garment |
| 96% | Cooks, Restaurant |
| 96% | Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers |
| 96% | Billing and Posting Clerks |
| 95% | Manicurists and Pedicurists |
| 95% | Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping |
| 95% | Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
| 95% | Bill and Account Collectors |
| 95% | Nuclear Power Reactor Operators |
| 95% | Gaming Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators |
| 95% | Library Assistants, Clerical |
| 95% | Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators |
| 95% | Print Binding and Finishing Workers |
| 95% | Animal Breeders |
| 95% | Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 95% | Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers |
| 95% | Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders |
| 95% | Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers |
| 95% | Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 95% | Postal Service Clerks |
| 95% | Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers |
| 94% | Accountants and Auditors |
| 94% | Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 94% | Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service |
| 94% | Waiters and Waitresses |
| 94% | Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers |
| 94% | Budget Analysts |
| 94% | Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers |
| 94% | Bicycle Repairers |
| 94% | Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers |
| 94% | Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers |
| 94% | Couriers and Messengers |
| 94% | Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan |
| 94% | Cooks, Short Order |
| 94% | Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators |
| 94% | Helpers–Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons |
| 94% | Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks |
| 94% | Tire Builders |
| 94% | Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers |
| 94% | First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers |
| 94% | Agricultural Inspectors |
| 94% | Paralegals and Legal Assistants |
| 93% | Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders |
| 93% | Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators |
| 93% | Service Unit Operators, Oil, Gas, and Mining |
| 93% | Conveyor Operators and Tenders |
| 93% | Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics |
| 93% | Locomotive Firers |
| 93% | Machine Feeders and Offbearers |
| 93% | Model Makers, Metal and Plastic |
| 93% | Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairs |
| 93% | Butchers and Meat Cutters |
| 93% | Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
| 93% | Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors |
| 93% | Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents |
| 93% | Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 93% | Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators |
| 92% | Office Machine Operators, Except Computer |
| 92% | Pharmacy Technicians |
| 92% | Loan Interviewers and Clerks |
| 92% | Dredge Operators |
| 92% | Insurance Sales Agents |
| 92% | Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters |
| 92% | Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers |
| 92% | Fence Erectors |
| 92% | Plating and Coating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 92% | Retail Salespersons |
| 92% | Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food |
| 92% | Production Workers, All Other |
| 92% | Helpers–Carpenters |
| 91% | Gaming and Sports Book Writers and Runners |
| 91% | Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners |
| 91% | Tour Guides and Escorts |
| 91% | Mechanical Door Repairers |
| 91% | Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders |
| 91% | Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators |
| 91% | Medical Records and Health Information Technicians |
| 91% | Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
| 91% | Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 91% | Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers |
| 91% | Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment |
| 91% | Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers |
| 91% | Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 91% | Geological and Petroleum Technicians |
| 91% | Automotive Body and Related Repairers |
| 91% | Patternmakers, Wood |
| 91% | Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 90% | Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping |
| 90% | Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists |
| 90% | Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers |
| 90% | Roofers |
| 90% | Crane and Tower Operators |
| 90% | Traffic Technicians |
| 90% | Transportation Inspectors |
| 90% | Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic |
| 90% | Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic |
| 90% | Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate |
| 90% | Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers |
| 90% | Signal and Track Switch Repairers |
| 89% | Bakers |
| 89% | Medical Transcriptionists |
| 89% | Stonemasons |
| 89% | Bus Drivers, School or Special Client |
| 89% | Technical Writers |
| 89% | Riggers |
| 89% | Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators |
| 89% | Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators |
| 89% | Sewing Machine Operators |
| 89% | Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs |
| 88% | Construction Laborers |
| 88% | Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks |
| 88% | Semiconductor Processors |
| 88% | Cartographers and Photogrammetrists |
| 88% | Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders |
| 88% | Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
| 88% | Extruding and Forming Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers |
| 88% | Terrazzo Workers and Finishers |
| 88% | Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners |
| 88% | Rail Car Repairers |
| 87% | Miscellaneous Agricultural Workers |
| 87% | Forest and Conservation Workers |
| 87% | Pourers and Casters, Metal |
| 87% | Carpet Installers |
| 87% | Paperhangers |
| 87% | Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products |
| 87% | Furniture Finishers |
| 87% | Food Preparation Workers |
| 87% | Floor Sanders and Finishers |
| 87% | Parking Lot Attendants |
| 87% | Highway Maintenance Workers |
| 86% | Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants |
| 86% | Plant and System Operators, All Other |
| 86% | Food Servers, Nonrestaurant |
| 86% | Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood |
| 86% | Subway and Streetcar Operators |
| 86% | Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers |
| 86% | Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
| 86% | Real Estate Sales Agents |
| 86% | Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic |
| 86% | Maintenance Workers, Machinery |
| 86% | Correspondence Clerks |
| 85% | Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand |
| 85% | Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products |
| 85% | Meter Readers, Utilities |
| 85% | Power Plant Operators |
| 85% | Chemical Plant and System Operators |
| 85% | Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas |
| 85% | Nuclear Technicians |
| 84% | Tool and Die Makers |
| 84% | Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians |
| 84% | Plasterers and Stucco Masons |
| 84% | Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic |
| 84% | Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 84% | Security Guards |
| 84% | Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers |
| 84% | Wellhead Pumpers |
| 84% | Proofreaders and Copy Markers |
| 84% | Parking Enforcement Workers |
| 83% | Fishers and Related Fishing Workers |
| 83% | Structural Iron and Steel Workers |
| 83% | Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators |
| 83% | Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters |
| 83% | Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria |
| 83% | Sailors and Marine Oilers |
| 83% | Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
| 83% | Helpers–Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters |
| 83% | Segmental Pavers |
| 83% | Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall |
| 83% | Printing Press Operators |
| 83% | Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants |
| 83% | Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners |
| 83% | Baggage Porters and Bellhops |
| 83% | Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers |
| 83% | Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 83% | Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators |
| 82% | Engine and Other Machine Assemblers |
| 82% | Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers |
| 82% | Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons |
| 82% | Nonfarm Animal Caretakers |
| 82% | Sheet Metal Workers |
| 82% | Pile-Driver Operators |
| 82% | Brickmasons and Blockmasons |
| 81% | Cooks, Fast Food |
| 81% | Word Processors and Typists |
| 81% | Electrical and Electronics Drafters |
| 81% | Electro-Mechanical Technicians |
| 81% | Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders |
| 81% | Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers |
| 81% | Medical Secretaries |
| 81% | Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials |
| 80% | Barbers |
| 80% | Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas |
| 79% | Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators |
| 79% | Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers |
| 79% | Shampooers |
| 79% | Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers |
| 79% | Helpers–Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers |
| 79% | Motorcycle Mechanics |
| 79% | Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers |
| 79% | Logging Equipment Operators |
| 79% | Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles |
| 78% | Medical Equipment Preparers |
| 78% | Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
| 78% | Computer Operators |
| 78% | Gas Plant Operators |
| 77% | Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health |
| 77% | Locksmiths and Safe Repairers |
| 77% | Tree Trimmers and Pruners |
| 77% | Bartenders |
| 77% | Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products |
| 77% | Dishwashers |
| 77% | Hunters and Trappers |
| 76% | Archivists |
| 76% | Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders |
| 76% | Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers |
| 76% | Fallers |
| 75% | Postmasters and Mail Superintendents |
| 75% | Tile and Marble Setters |
| 75% | Painters, Construction and Maintenance |
| 75% | Transportation Attendants, Except Flight Attendants |
| 75% | Civil Engineering Technicians |
| 75% | Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians |
| 74% | Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers |
| 74% | Personal Care Aides |
| 74% | Broadcast Technicians |
| 74% | Helpers–Electricians |
| 73% | Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
| 73% | Administrative Services Managers |
| 73% | Glaziers |
| 73% | Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers |
| 73% | Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists |
| 72% | Amusement and Recreation Attendants |
| 72% | Pharmacy Aides |
| 72% | Helpers–Roofers |
| 72% | Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders |
| 72% | Home Appliance Repairers |
| 72% | Carpenters |
| 72% | Public Address System and Other Announcers |
| 71% | Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians |
| 71% | Airfield Operations Specialists |
| 71% | Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers |
| 71% | Construction and Related Workers, All Other |
| 71% | Opticians, Dispensing |
| 71% | Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers |
| 70% | Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs |
| 70% | Tire Repairers and Changers |
| 70% | Food Batchmakers |
| 70% | Avionics Technicians |
| 69% | Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers |
| 69% | Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners |
| 69% | Painters, Transportation Equipment |
| 68% | Postal Service Mail Carriers |
| 68% | Roustabouts, Oil and Gas |
| 68% | Boilermakers |
| 68% | Mechanical Drafters |
| 68% | Dental Hygienists |
| 67% | Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
| 67% | Foundry Mold and Coremakers |
| 67% | Atmospheric and Space Scientists |
| 67% | Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity |
| 67% | Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers |
| 67% | Industrial Machinery Mechanics |
| 66% | Pest Control Workers |
| 66% | Helpers–Production Workers |
| 66% | Statistical Assistants |
| 66% | Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners |
| 66% | Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians |
| 65% | Social Science Research Assistants |
| 65% | Machinists |
| 65% | Computer Support Specialists |
| 65% | Librarians |
| 65% | Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers |
| 65% | Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers |
| 65% | Hoist and Winch Operators |
| 64% | Cutters and Trimmers, Hand |
| 64% | Maintenance and Repair Workers, General |
| 64% | Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers |
| 64% | Stock Clerks and Order Fillers |
| 64% | Power Distributors and Dispatchers |
| 64% | Insulation Workers, Mechanical |
| 63% | Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers |
| 63% | Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door |
| 63% | Healthcare Support Workers, All Other |
| 63% | First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers |
| 63% | Construction and Building Inspectors |
| 62% | Motorboat Operators |
| 62% | Tapers |
| 62% | Pipelayers |
| 61% | Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles |
| 61% | Physical Therapist Aides |
| 61% | Costume Attendants |
| 61% | Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists |
| 61% | Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks |
| 61% | Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators |
| 61% | Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other |
| 61% | Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders |
| 61% | Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
| 60% | Correctional Officers and Jailers |
| 60% | Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture |
| 60% | Slaughterers and Meat Packers |
| 59% | Millwrights |
| 59% | Museum Technicians and Conservators |
| 59% | Mine Cutting and Channeling Machine Operators |
| 59% | Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers |
| 59% | Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians |
| 59% | Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics |
| 58% | Personal Financial Advisors |
| 57% | First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers |
| 57% | Chemical Technicians |
| 57% | Helpers–Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters |
| 57% | Cost Estimators |
| 57% | Transit and Railroad Police |
| 57% | First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers |
| 56% | Teacher Assistants |
| 55% | Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers |
| 55% | Commercial Pilots |
| 55% | Customer Service Representatives |
| 55% | Audio and Video Equipment Technicians |
| 54% | Embalmers |
| 54% | Continuous Mining Machine Operators |
| 54% | Slot Supervisors |
| 54% | Massage Therapists |
| 54% | Advertising Sales Agents |
| 53% | Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas |
| 53% | Hazardous Materials Removal Workers |
| 52% | Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers |
| 52% | Architectural and Civil Drafters |
| 51% | Demonstrators and Product Promoters |
| 51% | Dental Assistants |
| 50% | Loading Machine Operators, Underground Mining |
| 50% | Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other |
| 50% | Court Reporters |
| 49% | Crossing Guards |
| 49% | Agricultural Engineers |
| 49% | Roof Bolters, Mining |
| 49% | Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers |
| 49% | Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers |
| 48% | Fire Inspectors and Investigators |
| 48% | Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians |
| 48% | Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers |
| 48% | Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters |
| 48% | Computer Programmers |
| 47% | Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists |
| 47% | Psychiatric Aides |
| 47% | Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians |
| 46% | Court, Municipal, and License Clerks |
| 45% | Medical Appliance Technicians |
| 44% | Historians |
| 43% | Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants |
| 43% | Physical Scientists, All Other |
| 43% | Economists |
| 42% | Forest and Conservation Technicians |
| 42% | First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand |
| 41% | Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products |
| 41% | Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters |
| 41% | Judicial Law Clerks |
| 41% | Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment |
| 40% | Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates |
| 40% | Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines |
| 40% | Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other |
| 39% | Home Health Aides |
| 39% | Upholsterers |
| 39% | Elevator Installers and Repairers |
| 39% | Gaming Cage Workers |
| 39% | Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists |
| 38% | Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay |
| 38% | Surveyors |
| 38% | Mechanical Engineering Technicians |
| 38% | Packers and Packagers, Hand |
| 38% | Interpreters and Translators |
| 37% | Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders |
| 37% | Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment |
| 37% | Funeral Attendants |
| 37% | Helpers–Extraction Workers |
| 37% | Actors |
| 37% | Mine Shuttle Car Operators |
| 36% | Bailiffs |
| 36% | Computer Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Programmers, Metal and Plastic |
| 36% | Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers |
| 35% | Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters |
| 35% | Flight Attendants |
| 35% | Diagnostic Medical Sonographers |
| 34% | Detectives and Criminal Investigators |
| 34% | Surgical Technologists |
| 34% | Radiation Therapists |
| 33% | Financial Specialists, All Other |
| 31% | Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other |
| 31% | Private Detectives and Investigators |
| 31% | Film and Video Editors |
| 30% | Biological Technicians |
| 30% | Medical Assistants |
| 30% | Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists |
| 30% | Cooks, Private Household |
| 29% | Skincare Specialists |
| 29% | Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products |
| 28% | First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers |
| 28% | Athletes and Sports Competitors |
| 28% | Gaming Supervisors |
| 27% | Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels |
| 27% | Occupational Therapy Aides |
| 27% | Medical Equipment Repairers |
| 26% | Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School |
| 25% | Geographers |
| 25% | Occupational Health and Safety Technicians |
| 25% | Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists |
| 25% | Environmental Engineering Technicians |
| 25% | Managers, All Other |
| 25% | Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians |
| 25% | Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products |
| 24% | Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes |
| 24% | Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other |
| 23% | Survey Researchers |
| 23% | Business Operations Specialists, All Other |
| 23% | Financial Analysts |
| 23% | Radiologic Technologists and Technicians |
| 23% | Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians |
| 22% | Computer Occupations, All Other |
| 22% | Statisticians |
| 22% | Computer Hardware Engineers |
| 21% | Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects |
| 21% | Actuaries |
| 21% | Animal Control Workers |
| 21% | Concierges |
| 20% | Epidemiologists |
| 20% | Funeral Service Managers, Directors, Morticians, and Undertakers |
| 19% | Adult Basic and Secondary Education and Literacy Teachers and Instructors |
| 18% | Public Relations Specialists |
| 18% | Commercial Divers |
| 18% | Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers |
| 18% | Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers |
| 17% | Occupational Health and Safety Specialists |
| 17% | Firefighters |
| 17% | Financial Examiners |
| 17% | First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers |
| 17% | Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education |
| 16% | Petroleum Engineers |
| 16% | Desktop Publishers |
| 16% | General and Operations Managers |
| 15% | Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education |
| 15% | Electricians |
| 14% | Optometrists |
| 14% | Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers |
| 14% | Physician Assistants |
| 13% | Dancers |
| 13% | Nuclear Medicine Technologists |
| 13% | Software Developers, Systems Software |
| 13% | Management Analysts |
| 13% | Dietetic Technicians |
| 13% | Urban and Regional Planners |
| 13% | Social and Human Service Assistants |
| 13% | Self-Enrichment Education Teachers |
| 13% | Sound Engineering Technicians |
| 11% | Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists |
| 11% | Reporters and Correspondents |
| 11% | Air Traffic Controllers |
| 10% | Chefs and Head Cooks |
| 10% | Animal Trainers |
| 10% | Radio and Television Announcers |
| 10% | Electrical Engineers |
| 10% | Chemists |
| 10% | Respiratory Therapy Technicians |
| 10% | Physicists |
| 9.9% | Travel Agents |
| 9.8% | Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officers |
| 9.7% | Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers |
| 9.1% | Gaming Managers |
| 8.5% | Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors |
| 8.4% | Childcare Workers |
| 8.3% | Food Service Managers |
| 8.2% | Graphic Designers |
| 8% | Compliance Officers |
| 8% | Fish and Game Wardens |
| 7.7% | Food Scientists and Technologists |
| 7.6% | First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers |
| 7.5% | First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers |
| 7.4% | Musicians and Singers |
| 7.1% | Construction Managers |
| 7% | Nuclear Engineers |
| 6.9% | Financial Managers |
| 6.7% | Broadcast News Analysts |
| 6.6% | Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors |
| 6.6% | Respiratory Therapists |
| 6.4% | Residential Advisors |
| 6.1% | Animal Scientists |
| 6% | Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators |
| 5.9% | Sociologists |
| 5.8% | Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses |
| 5.7% | Travel Guides |
| 5.5% | Editors |
| 5.5% | Prosthodontists |
| 5.5% | Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other |
| 4.9% | Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics |
| 4.8% | Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists |
| 4.7% | Mathematicians |
| 4.7% | Floral Designers |
| 4.7% | Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers |
| 4.5% | Landscape Architects |
| 4.5% | Health Educators |
| 4.3% | Psychiatric Technicians |
| 4.2% | Software Developers, Applications |
| 4.2% | Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators |
| 4.1% | Astronomers |
| 4.1% | Ship Engineers |
| 4% | Credit Counselors |
| 4% | Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other |
| 3.9% | Advertising and Promotions Managers |
| 3.9% | Political Scientists |
| 3.8% | Veterinarians |
| 3.8% | Writers and Authors |
| 3.7% | Commercial and Industrial Designers |
| 3.7% | Biomedical Engineers |
| 3.7% | Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners |
| 3.5% | Lawyers |
| 3.5% | Craft Artists |
| 3.5% | Operations Research Analysts |
| 3.5% | Computer and Information Systems Managers |
| 3.3% | Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health |
| 3.3% | Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors |
| 3.2% | Postsecondary Teachers |
| 3% | Industrial Production Managers |
| 3% | Industrial Engineering Technicians |
| 3% | Network and Computer Systems Administrators |
| 3% | Database Administrators |
| 3% | Purchasing Managers |
| 2.9% | Industrial Engineers |
| 2.9% | First-Line Supervisors of Transportation andMaterial-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators |
| 2.9% | Veterinary Technologists and Technicians |
| 2.8% | Occupational Therapy Assistants |
| 2.8% | Child, Family, and School Social Workers |
| 2.8% | Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors |
| 2.7% | Biochemists and Biophysicists |
| 2.7% | Chiropractors |
| 2.5% | First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers |
| 2.5% | Directors, Religious Activities and Education |
| 2.5% | Electronics Engineers, Except Computer |
| 2.3% | Orthodontists |
| 2.3% | Art Directors |
| 2.2% | Producers and Directors |
| 2.2% | Interior Designers |
| 2.1% | Soil and Plant Scientists |
| 2.1% | Materials Scientists |
| 2.1% | Materials Engineers |
| 2.1% | Fashion Designers |
| 2.1% | Physical Therapists |
| 2.1% | Photographers |
| 2% | Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other |
| 1.9% | Civil Engineers |
| 1.8% | Natural Sciences Managers |
| 1.8% | Environmental Engineers |
| 1.8% | Architects, Except Landscape and Naval |
| 1.8% | Physical Therapist Assistants |
| 1.7% | Chemical Engineers |
| 1.7% | Architectural and Engineering Managers |
| 1.7% | Aerospace Engineers |
| 1.6% | First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers |
| 1.6% | Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents |
| 1.6% | Conservation Scientists |
| 1.6% | Special Education Teachers, Middle School |
| 1.5% | Biological Scientists, All Other |
| 1.5% | Public Relations and Fundraising Managers |
| 1.5% | Multimedia Artists and Animators |
| 1.5% | Computer and Information Research Scientists |
| 1.5% | Chief Executives |
| 1.5% | Education Administrators, Preschool and Childcare Center/Program |
| 1.5% | Music Directors and Composers |
| 1.4% | Hydrologists |
| 1.4% | Marketing Managers |
| 1.4% | Marriage and Family Therapists |
| 1.4% | Engineers, All Other |
| 1.4% | Training and Development Specialists |
| 1.4% | First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers |
| 1.3% | Coaches and Scouts |
| 1.3% | Sales Managers |
| 1.2% | Pharmacists |
| 1.2% | Logisticians |
| 1.2% | Microbiologists |
| 1.2% | Industrial-Organizational Psychologists |
| 1.1% | Mechanical Engineers |
| 1% | Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance |
| 1% | Marine Engineers and Naval Architects |
| 1% | Education Administrators, Postsecondary |
| 1% | Teachers and Instructors, All Other |
| 1% | Forensic Science Technicians |
| 0.9% | Rehabilitation Counselors |
| 0.9% | Registered Nurses |
| 0.9% | Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School |
| 0.9% | Educational, Guidance, School, and Vocational Counselors |
| 0.8% | Clergy |
| 0.8% | Foresters |
| 0.8% | Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education |
| 0.8% | Anthropologists and Archeologists |
| 0.8% | Special Education Teachers, Secondary School |
| 0.8% | Farm and Home Management Advisors |
| 0.7% | Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education |
| 0.7% | Medical and Health Services Managers |
| 0.7% | Athletic Trainers |
| 0.7% | Curators |
| 0.7% | Social and Community Service Managers |
| 0.7% | Computer Systems Analysts |
| 0.6% | Speech-Language Pathologists |
| 0.6% | Training and Development Managers |
| 0.6% | Recreation Workers |
| 0.6% | Set and Exhibit Designers |
| 0.6% | Human Resources Managers |
| 0.5% | Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers |
| 0.5% | Mental Health Counselors |
| 0.5% | Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists |
| 0.5% | Education Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School |
| 0.5% | Podiatrists |
| 0.5% | Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists |
| 0.4% | First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives |
| 0.4% | Dentists, General |
| 0.4% | Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education |
| 0.4% | Psychologists, All Other |
| 0.4% | Physicians and Surgeons |
| 0.4% | Instructional Coordinators |
| 0.4% | Sales Engineers |
| 0.4% | Choreographers |
| 0.4% | Dietitians and Nutritionists |
| 0.4% | Lodging Managers |
| 0.4% | Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons |
| 0.4% | First-Line Supervisors of Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers |
| 0.4% | Occupational Therapists |
| 0.4% | Orthotists and Prosthetists |
| 0.4% | Healthcare Social Workers |
| 0.3% | Audiologists |
| 0.3% | Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers |
| 0.3% | First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers |
| 0.3% | Emergency Management Directors |
| 0.3% | Recreational Therapists |
